Sustainable fishing

 / ©: AFMA
Industrial fisheries of Orange roughy. Emptying a mesh full of Orange roughy into a trawler.
© AFMA
It is estimated that three-quarters of the world’s fisheries are fully exploited or overfished.

Each year inefficient, destructive and/or illegal fishing practices kill millions of fish and marine animals as unwanted bycatch.

Poor fisheries management, exacerbated by climate change, is the largest threat to ocean life and habitats ... and to the livelihoods and diets of more than a billion people.

WWF internationally

WWF has long campaigned for the sustainable management of the globe’s fisheries. Worldwide, WWF combines field, policy and market work in a strategic approach that focuses on:

1.    Working with fishers to develop practical solutions to reduce bycatch.

2.    Working with major buyers and traders so they buy only from fisheries that have adopted improved standards and approaches, and no longer buy from poorly managed and/or overfished fisheries.

3.    Working with governments to limit fishing and restore ocean productivity by establishing policies for ecosystem-based management of fisheries.

4.    Looking for ways to increase awareness among fishing sector investors and insurers, and working with them to develop and adopt business practices that reward sustainable fishing.

WWF in Oceania
In the Oceania region – covering New Zealand, Australia and the Pacific islands – WWF has three programmes for delivering sustainable fisheries:

•    To ensure that Oceanic fisheries that are or would like to be certified by the Marine Stewardship Council practice the highest standard of sustainable fisheries management.

•    To raise seafood consumers’ and retailers’ awareness of the origins of fish products, whether they have been fished sustainably and any associated conservation issues.

•    To promote the adoption of ecosystem-based fisheries management.



Contact

  • Rebecca Bird

    Marine Programme Manager

    WWF New Zealand,
    Wellington

    +64 4 471 4291

The Marine Stewardship Council

Worldwide, WWF takes part in the process to certify fisheries. We engage in the Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) institutionally, part of the role is to prepare independent technical submissions about key conservation concerns and the best practice measures that should be adopted.

So far, one New Zealand fishery has achieved certification from the Marine Stewardship Council – the hoki fishery. It was first certified in 2001, and re-certified in October 2007. WWF-New Zealand objected to its recertification because of the impacts on the marine ecosystem and wildlife. We continue to have major concerns about the New Zealand hoki fishery but through our commitment to MSC we will keep working with the fishery to make sure it meets the required environmental standards and adopts best practice at all times. The MSC provides the best mechanism for positive change.

WWF-New Zealand is also working to review five other New Zealand fisheries currently undergoing certification assessments including the Hake Trawl, Ling Trawl and Longline, Southern Blue Whiting Trawl, Albacore Tuna Troll and the Southern Scallop Dredge fisheries to inform the assessment process and to ensure an ecosystem-based management approach is implemented.

Raising awareness

WWF-New Zealand is targeting both consumers and retailers. Aware consumers demand more sustainable seafood choices. Aware retailers pressure their supply chains – brand owners, processors and fishers – to provide sustainably caught fish products. However, there also needs to be a credible and viable sustainable option ‘on the menu’, that’s why WWF works to ensure fisheries undergo MSC assessment wherever possible in an effort to meet future consumer demand for certified product.

WWF-New Zealand’s aim is that major supply chain businesses (such as supermarkets and processors) recognise that sustainably caught fish products are a powerful and positive marketing opportunity , and adopt responsible purchasing policies.

A New Zealand-based fish buyer’s guide is available.

Ecosystem-based management of fisheries

The governance and management of New Zealand’s marine systems is very fragmented, with decisions made sector-by-sector or issue-by-issue.

WWF-New Zealand is encouraging the government to adopt an ecosystem-based management approach, based on policies and regulations co-ordinated across the Oceanic region.

In 2005, the Ministry of Fisheries outlined its approach to ecosystem-based management. However, while some initiatives to deal with specific environmental issues have been put in place (such as observer programmes, and marine mammal bycatch limits), these have been reactive and uncoordinated.

A key aspect of ecosystem-based management is that it recognises the economic, social and cultural interests of all stakeholders in a fishery, and how these affect management decisions. This makes the approach likely to succeed where many other initiatives have failed.


The western central Pacific Ocean

A particular focus for WWF in the Oceania region is the western central Pacific Ocean tuna fishery.

This has a landed value of more than US$2 billion a year, and is the largest remaining tuna fishery in the world. WWF is working to improve practices such as reducing marine turtle bycatch and advocating for robust conservation measures.

Conservation of precious oceanic resources is vital not only to maintain biodiversity values but also to sustain livelihoods. This is especially true for many Pacific Island communities, where tuna provides some of the scarce opportunities for income and employment. 

Choosing short-term profits denies Pacific peoples the opportunity for sustainable, long-term income and improved livelihoods.